RESUMO
El descubrimiento de los genes BRCA1 y BRCA2 ha llevado a la introducción de pruebas genéticas cada vez más sofisticadas para medir el riesgo de cáncer de mama de origen hereditario, entre otras cosas. En el presente artículo exploramos los criterios a seguir para realizar pruebas para estos genes, así como las implicaciones en el tratamiento para los pacientes en caso de identificarlos.
The discovery of genes BRCA1 and BRCA2 has led to the introduction of genetic tests more complex every time for the evaluation ofthehereditarycancerrisk,amongothers.In the present paper we explore the criteria to decide when to run the testing for the genes, as well as the implications for the treatment of patients who are identified with them.
Assuntos
Feminino , Humanos , Neoplasias da Mama/genética , Genes BRCA1 , Testes Genéticos , Síndromes Neoplásicas Hereditárias/genética , Neoplasias da Mama/classificação , Neoplasias da Mama/epidemiologia , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Neoplasias da Mama/prevenção & controle , Comorbidade , Moduladores de Receptor Estrogênico/uso terapêutico , Estrogênios/efeitos adversos , Etnicidade/genética , Saúde da Família , Previsões , Efeito Fundador , Frequência do Gene , Predisposição Genética para Doença/genética , Mastectomia , México/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Hormônio-Dependentes/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Hormônio-Dependentes/genética , Neoplasias Hormônio-Dependentes/patologia , Neoplasias Primárias Múltiplas/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Primárias Múltiplas/genética , Síndromes Neoplásicas Hereditárias/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Ovarianas/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Ovarianas/genética , Neoplasias Ovarianas/prevenção & controle , História Reprodutiva , RiscoRESUMO
To understand the nature and extent of oncogene involvement in the development of neoplasia, an experimental model of goat ovarian granulosa cells stimulated by LH was chosen. In the course of these studies, several cell lines were developed which were essentially non-tumorigenic primary cell lines. One of them, however, was spontaneously transformed being immortalized and tumorigenic. These cell lines, transformed and non-transformed, should serve as contralateral cell lines to study differential oncogene expression in hormonally induced cell proliferation, and elucidate possible hormone-oncogene nexus which may be operative in the genesis of cancer. In the present report, we have studied expression of c-myc, c-ras, c-myb, c-fos and c-sis cellular oncogenes in the cell lines by immunocytochemistry using monoclonal antibodies. In the rest of our text we refer to these cellular oncogenes as oncogenes. The results reveal differential expression of the oncogenes. The striking difference between the non-transformed AIMS/GRXII cells and the transformed AIMS/GRXVIII cells was the absence of ras protein expression in the transformed AIMS/GRXVIII cells which intensely expressed the c-myc, c-myb, c-fos, and c-sis proteins. c-ras protein was expressed in the non-transformed AIMS/GRXVIII cell line and primary cultures. c-myc protein was expressed exclusively in the AIMS/GRXVIII transformed cells. The myc activity seen in the transformed cell line may be correlated to cell proliferation. These results show the variation of phenotype in cell lines derived from a single tissue source.